Biblical Names for Jesus Christ
The study of the biblical names for Jesus Christ opens a window into the heart of Christian theology, revealing the multifaceted nature of his divine identity and mission. The Scriptures attribute a remarkable array of names and titles to Jesus, each illuminating a distinct aspect of who he is and what he came to accomplish.
In the ancient Near Eastern context, names were not mere labels but declarations of identity, destiny, and character. In the Hebrew Scriptures, God’s own names–such as YHWH, Elohim, and Adonai–reveal his attributes and relationship to his people (Exodus 3:14-15; Psalm 8:1). Likewise, the names and titles ascribed to Jesus in the New Testament are not arbitrary; they are theological affirmations rooted in prophecy, fulfillment, and the lived experience of the early church.
The Breadth of Jesus’ Names in Scripture
Addressing the question, “How many different names are there for Jesus in the Bible?” scholars and devotional writers have compiled lists ranging from 25 to over 100, depending on whether one counts only explicit names or also includes descriptive titles and metaphors. For example, the “25 names of Jesus” might include Jesus, Christ, Lord, Savior, Son of God, Son of Man, Lamb of God, Good Shepherd, Light of the World, King of Kings, and others. Expanding to “100 names of Jesus” incorporates additional titles such as Advocate, Redeemer, Chief Cornerstone, Faithful and True, and the Word. Some resources even attempt to catalog the “A to Z names of Jesus,” assigning a title for each letter of the alphabet (e.g., Alpha and Omega, Bread of Life, Chief Shepherd, Deliverer, Emmanuel, etc.). These compilations, while sometimes devotional in nature, reflect the biblical reality that Jesus’ identity cannot be contained in a single name or title.
Christ: The Anointed One and Fulfillment of Messianic Hope
One of the most foundational titles for Jesus is “Christ,” the Greek translation of the Hebrew “Messiah,” meaning “Anointed One.” In the Old Testament, anointing signified God’s selection and empowerment of kings, priests, and prophets (1 Samuel 16:13; Psalm 2:2). The prophets foretold a coming Messiah who would establish God’s kingdom and bring salvation to Israel (Isaiah 9:6-7; Daniel 7:13-14). The New Testament proclaims Jesus as the fulfillment of these messianic hopes. Peter’s confession, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God” (Matthew 16:16), and the angelic announcement at Jesus’ birth (Luke 2:11) both affirm this identity. Christ, meaning Anointed One or Messiah, signifies Jesus as the one sent to establish God’s kingdom on earth.[1]
Alpha and Omega: The Eternal Lord of History
The title Alpha and Omega appears in the book of Revelation and is unique in its cosmic scope. Alpha and Omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, symbolizing the beginning and the end. Jesus applies this title to himself, declaring, “I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end” (Revelation 22:13; see also, 1:8, 17-18). This language echoes Old Testament descriptions of God’s eternal nature (Isaiah 44:6; 48:12). The title Alpha and Omega, found in Revelation, represents Jesus as the beginning and end of all things. This title affirms Jesus’ divinity, sovereignty over creation, and ultimate authority over history.[2]
Lord and Savior: Sovereignty and Redemption
The double title Lord and Savior is central to New Testament proclamation. “Lord” (Greek: kyrios) was used in the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) to translate the divine name YHWH, and in the Roman world, it denoted supreme authority. To call Jesus “Lord” is to acknowledge his divinity and right to rule (Philippians 2:9-11; Romans 10:9). “Savior” (Greek: soter) identifies Jesus as the one who delivers from sin and death (Matthew 1:21; Titus 2:13). Lord and Savior emphasize Jesus Christ’s sovereignty and role in delivering people from sin. This dual title encapsulates the gospel: Jesus is both the ruler of all and the redeemer of those who trust in him.
Bread of Life: Spiritual Nourishment and Sustenance
Among the “I am” sayings in John’s Gospel, Bread of Life stands out for its rich symbolism. After feeding the five thousand, Jesus declares, “I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst” (John 6:35). This statement draws on the Old Testament imagery of manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16:4-15) and positions Jesus as the true sustenance for humanity’s deepest needs. The Bread of Life, one of Jesus’ self-descriptions in John’s Gospel, portrays him as the essential spiritual nourishment. This title invites believers to find their life and satisfaction in Christ alone.[3]
Logos: The Word Made Flesh
The prologue of John’s Gospel introduces Jesus as the Logos, or “Word,” a term rich in both Jewish and Hellenistic thought. In Greek philosophy, logos referred to the rational principle ordering the universe; in Jewish wisdom literature, the Word of God was God’s agent in creation and revelation (Proverbs 8:22-31; Psalm 33:6). John writes, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us” (John 1:1, 14). Logos, or Word, refers to Jesus as the ultimate revelation of God, present at creation. This title affirms both the preexistence and incarnation of Jesus, bridging the gap between God and humanity.
King of the Jews: Royal Lineage and Messianic Fulfillment
“King of the Jews” is a title that surfaces at key moments in the Gospels, particularly at Jesus’ birth (Matthew 2:2) and crucifixion (Matthew 27:37; John 19:19). It reflects both the messianic expectation of a Davidic king (2 Samuel 7:12-16; Jeremiah 23:5-6) and the political charge brought against Jesus by his opponents. King of the Jews was a title used during Jesus’ crucifixion, reflecting his royal lineage and messianic role.[4] While the Roman authorities used the title mockingly, the Gospels present Jesus as the true and rightful king, whose reign is inaugurated through suffering and resurrection.
Author and Finisher of Our Faith: The Source and Perfecter
The phrase “Author and Finisher of our faith” (or “Author and Perfector”) is found in Hebrews 12:2: “Looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God.” This title portrays Jesus as both the originator and completer of the believer’s journey. The phrase Author and Finisher of our faith (or ‘Author and Perfector’) appears in Hebrews, suggesting Jesus as the source and completer of faith. This title encourages perseverance by focusing on Jesus’ example and accomplishment.
Prince of Peace: The Bringer of Shalom
The title Prince of Peace is rooted in Isaiah’s prophecy: “For to us a child is born… and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace” (Isaiah 9:6). In the biblical context, “peace” (Hebrew: shalom) signifies wholeness, well-being, and reconciliation with God. Jesus fulfills this promise by making peace through his cross (Colossians 1:20; Ephesians 2:14-17). His greeting to the disciples after the resurrection, “Peace be with you” (John 20:19), echoes this role as the one who restores what was broken.
Son of God and Son of Man: Dual Aspects of Identity
“Son of God” and “Son of Man” are two of the most frequently used titles for Jesus, each with deep theological significance. “Son of God” affirms Jesus’ unique relationship with the Father and his participation in the divine nature (Matthew 3:17; John 5:18-23). “Son of Man,” Jesus’ preferred self-designation, draws from Daniel 7:13-14 and emphasizes both his humanity and his role as the eschatological judge and redeemer (Mark 10:45; Luke 19:10). Together, these titles express the mystery of the incarnation: Jesus is fully God and fully man.
The Good Shepherd: Care, Guidance, and Sacrifice
Jesus’ declaration, “I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep” (John 10:11), evokes the Old Testament imagery of God as shepherd (Psalm 23:1; Ezekiel 34:11-16). This title highlights Jesus’ pastoral care, sacrificial love, and commitment to his people. It also underscores the contrast between the true shepherd and false leaders.
Light of the World: Illumination and Revelation
“I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life” (John 8:12). This title connects Jesus to the creation narrative (“Let there be light,” Genesis 1:3) and the prophetic hope of a light dawning on those in darkness (Isaiah 9:2). Jesus is the one who reveals God, exposes sin, and guides believers into truth.
Lamb of God: Sacrifice and Redemption
When John the Baptist sees Jesus, he proclaims, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” (John 1:29). This title draws on the Passover lamb (Exodus 12:1-13) and the suffering servant of Isaiah 53. Jesus’ sacrificial death fulfills the Old Testament system of atonement and inaugurates the new covenant.
Chief Cornerstone: Foundation of the Church
Paul and Peter both refer to Jesus as the “chief cornerstone” (Ephesians 2:20; 1 Peter 2:6-7), echoing Psalm 118:22. This title signifies Jesus as the foundation upon which the church is built and the one who unites Jews and Gentiles in one body.
Faithful and True: Reliability and Righteousness
In Revelation, Jesus is called “Faithful and True” (Revelation 19:11), emphasizing his trustworthiness and justice. This title assures believers that Jesus’ promises can be relied upon and that he will ultimately triumph over evil.
Advocate and Mediator: Intercession and Access
Jesus is described as “Advocate with the Father” (1 John 2:1) and “Mediator between God and men” (1 Timothy 2:5). These titles highlight his ongoing role in representing believers before God and securing their access to grace.
How Do the Names and Titles of Jesus Reveal His Divine Identity and Mission?
Each name and title attributed to Jesus in the Bible unveils a facet of his person and work. “Christ” and “Messiah” root him in the story of Israel and God’s covenant promises. “Alpha and Omega” and “Logos” point to his preexistence and cosmic significance. “Lord and Savior” declare his authority and redemptive mission. “Bread of Life,” “Good Shepherd,” and “Light of the World” reveal his care, provision, and guidance. “King of the Jews” and “Prince of Peace” connect his earthly ministry to the fulfillment of prophecy and the hope of a restored world. “Author and Finisher of our Faith” assures believers of his sufficiency from beginning to end. Together, these names form a mosaic that testifies to the uniqueness of Jesus Christ as the God-man, redeemer, and ruler.
Biblical Passages Uncovering the Meaning and Significance of Jesus’ Names
The Gospels and the rest of the New Testament are replete with passages that explicate the meaning and significance of Jesus’ names and titles. For example:
Matthew 1:21-23: “You shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins… they shall call his name Immanuel (which means, God with us).”
John 1:1-18: The prologue introduces Jesus as the Logos, the Word made flesh.
John 6:35; 8:12; 10:11; 11:25; 14:6; 15:1: The “I am” sayings of Jesus in John’s Gospel.
Philippians 2:5-11: The Christ hymn, culminating in every tongue confessing “Jesus Christ is Lord.”
Hebrews 12:2: Jesus as the “founder and perfecter of our faith.”
Revelation 1:8; 19:11-16; 22:13: Jesus as Alpha and Omega, Faithful and True, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords.
How Many Names Does Jesus Have in the Bible?
The question of how many names Jesus has in the Bible is both intriguing and complex. The answer depends on whether one counts only direct names or also includes titles, metaphors, and prophetic designations. Scholars and theologians have identified anywhere from several dozen to over a hundred names and titles for Jesus throughout the Old and New Testaments. Some of the most widely recognized include:
Jesus (Matthew 1:21)
Christ/Messiah (Matthew 16:16)
Son of God (Matthew 3:17)
Son of Man (Mark 2:10)
Lord (Romans 10:9)
Savior (Luke 2:11)
Lamb of God (John 1:29)
Light of the World (John 8:12)
Bread of Life (John 6:35)
Good Shepherd (John 10:11)
King of Kings (Revelation 19:16)
Lord of Lords (Revelation 19:16)
Alpha and Omega (Revelation 22:13)
Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6)
Immanuel (Matthew 1:23)
Word/Logos (John 1:1)
Redeemer (Job 19:25; Titus 2:14)
Chief Cornerstone (Ephesians 2:20)
Faithful and True (Revelation 19:11)
Author and Finisher of our Faith (Hebrews 12:2)
Advocate (1 John 2:1)
Mediator (1 Timothy 2:5)
The Way, the Truth, and the Life (John 14:6)
True Vine (John 15:1)
Holy One of God (Mark 1:24)
King of the Jews (Matthew 27:37)
The Resurrection and the Life (John 11:25)
The Door (John 10:9)
The Rock (1 Corinthians 10:4)
The Bridegroom (Matthew 9:15)
The Lion of the Tribe of Judah (Revelation 5:5)
The Root of David (Revelation 5:5)
The Bright Morning Star (Revelation 22:16)
This list is not exhaustive, and many more titles can be found by tracing the names and metaphors used in both Old and New Testaments. The sheer number and diversity of these names reflect the inexhaustible richness of Jesus’ person and work.
Theological Significance: Names as Revelation of Jesus’ Person and Work
The names and titles of Jesus are not mere honorifics; they are revelations of his person and mission. Each name encapsulates a dimension of his identity–divine and human, king and servant, judge and redeemer. Together, they form a comprehensive portrait of the one who is the center of God’s redemptive plan.
Divine Identity: Titles such as Alpha and Omega, Lord, Son of God, and Logos affirm Jesus’ full divinity and eternal existence (John 1:1; Colossians 1:15-20).
Humanity and Mission: Titles like Son of Man, Lamb of God, and Bread of Life highlight his incarnation, suffering, and provision for humanity’s needs (Mark 10:45; John 6:35).
Kingship and Authority: Names such as King of Kings, King of the Jews, and Prince of Peace declare his royal authority and fulfillment of messianic prophecy (Revelation 19:16; Isaiah 9:6).
Redemption and Mediation: Savior, Redeemer, Advocate, and Mediator emphasize his work in reconciling humanity to God (1 Timothy 2:5; Titus 2:14).
Guidance and Sustenance: Good Shepherd, Light of the World, and True Vine reveal his ongoing care, guidance, and sustenance for his people (John 10:11; 15:1).
The Names of Jesus in Christian Life and Worship
The rich tapestry of Jesus’ names is not only a subject for theological study but also a source of comfort, guidance, and worship for believers. Meditating on the names of Jesus deepens understanding, fuels devotion, and shapes prayer. For example, calling on Jesus as Savior brings assurance of forgiveness; addressing him as Good Shepherd inspires trust in his guidance; worshiping him as King of Kings fosters submission and hope.
The names of Jesus also provide a framework for Christian proclamation and discipleship. The early church’s confession, “Jesus is Lord,” was both a declaration of faith and a countercultural challenge to the claims of earthly rulers (Acts 2:36; Romans 10:9). Today, the many names of Jesus continue to inspire hymns, prayers, and theological reflection.
Addressing the A-to-Z Names of Jesus
Devotional lists of the “A to Z names of Jesus” serve as a creative way to remember and meditate on the breadth of his identity. While not all such titles are found verbatim in Scripture, they are rooted in biblical themes and passages. For example:
A: Advocate (1 John 2:1), Alpha and Omega (Revelation 22:13)
B: Bread of Life (John 6:35), Bridegroom (Matthew 9:15)
C: Chief Cornerstone (Ephesians 2:20), Christ (Matthew 16:16)
D: Deliverer (Romans 11:26), Door (John 10:9)
E: Emmanuel (Matthew 1:23), Eternal Life (1 John 5:20)
F: Faithful and True (Revelation 19:11)
G: Good Shepherd (John 10:11)
H: High Priest (Hebrews 4:14)
I: Immanuel (Matthew 1:23), Image of God (Colossians 1:15)
J: Judge (Acts 10:42), Jesus (Matthew 1:21)
K: King of Kings (Revelation 19:16), King of the Jews (Matthew 27:37)
L: Lamb of God (John 1:29), Light of the World (John 8:12), Lord (Romans 10:9)
M: Mediator (1 Timothy 2:5), Messiah (John 4:25-26)
N: Nazarene (Matthew 2:23)
O: Omega (Revelation 22:13), Only Begotten Son (John 1:18)
P: Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6), Prophet (Deuteronomy 18:15; Acts 3:22)
Q: Quickening Spirit (1 Corinthians 15:45, KJV)
R: Redeemer (Titus 2:14), Resurrection and the Life (John 11:25)
S: Savior (Luke 2:11), Son of God (Matthew 3:17), Son of Man (Mark 2:10)
T: Teacher (John 3:2), True Vine (John 15:1)
U: Unchanging One (Hebrews 13:8)
V: Vine (John 15:1)
W: Word (John 1:1), Way, Truth, and Life (John 14:6)
X: eXalted One (Philippians 2:9-11, conceptually)
Y: Yahweh (John 8:58, where Jesus claims the divine name)
Z: Zion’s King (Psalm 2:6; Matthew 21:5)
Such lists, while not exhaustive or strictly academic, serve as helpful tools for reflection, devotion, and worship.
Conclusion
The biblical names for Jesus Christ are a treasury of revelation, each one unveiling a facet of his divine identity and redemptive mission. From Christ the Anointed One to Alpha and Omega, from Bread of Life to King of the Jews, from Logos to Author and Finisher of our Faith, these titles are rooted in Scripture and the lived faith of the church. These names and titles, among many others, are found throughout the New Testament, particularly in the Gospels and Revelation, and serve to illustrate the multifaceted nature of Jesus’ identity and mission. The sheer variety and depth of these names reflect the inexhaustible richness of Christ’s person, inviting believers into ever-deepening worship, understanding, and relationship.
May the study and contemplation of the biblical names for Jesus Christ lead to deeper faith, richer worship, and a greater desire to proclaim his name to all nations, until the day when every tongue confesses that Jesus Christ is Lord.
Endnotes
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Mark Water, Bible Study Made Easy, The Made Easy Series (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd, 1998), 46-47.
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Marsha A. Ellis Smith et al., Holman Book of Biblical Charts, Maps, and Reconstructions (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1993), 87.
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Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nelson’s Complete Book of Bible Maps & Charts: Old and New Testaments, Rev. and updated ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1996).
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Charles R. Swindoll and Roy B. Zuck, Understanding Christian Theology (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 327.